Perfumer & Flavorist - October 2013

plants can grow in hot conditions with little rainfall, a decreased level of irrigation can reduce overall yield.

A common misconception in the flavor and fragrance industry is that frost is the main cause of the decline in lavender production. In reality, it is the extremes in temperature that are the root of the most significant problems. From 2003–2008, for example, the region experienced its hottest and driest weather to date. If the climatic conditions are too hot, the plants cannot retain enough moisture to survive over winter. Lavender is particularly susceptible to changes in weather conditions, and this has led to a decline in vegetation.

Disease

Another reason for the decline in the number of lavender plants is the Stolbur phytoplasma, which is transmitted by the Hyalesthes obsoletus insect, and has affected most of the lavender species. These insects are resistant to the recommended insecticides, and stronger chemicals are not permitted for use against them. Lavender farmers are therefore faced with the challenge of keeping them at bay. The farming industry is attempting to control the situation using indirect anti-pest methods.

Looking to the Future

The damaging effects of the climate and pests have led to farmers having to uproot lavender plots across France in order to save the remainder of the crop. As a result, lavender plants are being replanted to offset the loss. However, efforts to replant the crop have not yet surpassed the rate of decline of the plants, which reached 15% between 2000 and 2009 in Drôme. This is due to the high costs of replanting, and the resulting loss in profitability for farms.

In spite of increasing prices in the lavender market, high consumer demand for lavender products and essential oil means that manufacturers will continue to seek supply. Although the French lavender industry is currently faced with several challenges, France does benefit from a strong supply chain, ensuring that farmers can guarantee supply to local customers. With good agricultural practices and the right environment for growth, it is clear why the country is the leading lavender and lavandin supplier. Lavender is a favorite essential oil among consumers and, as long as fragrance suppliers continue to support production, the future of the plant is secured, and end user demand will remain satisfied.