54;Ingredients;Vol.;38;•;October;2013;|;Perfumer;&;Flavorist;www.PerfumerFlavorist.com
A supercritical CO2 extract of L.
stoechas that was produced from plants
collected in the vicinity of Sadali (Sardinia,
Italy) was screened for its biological
activity by Marongiu et al. (2010). The
main components of this extract that was
determined by GC and GC/MS can be
seen as follows:
a-pinene (<0.1%)
camphene ( 1.1%)
1,8-cineole ( 10.9%)
fenchone ( 20.7%)
camphor ( 31.7%)
borneol (0.2%)
m-cymen-8-ol (0.7%)
p-cymen-8-ol (0.6%)
verbenone (0.7%)
bornyl acetate ( 5.0%)
myrtenyl acetate ( 2.1%)
valencene (0.7%)
g-cadinene (0.6%)
N-S. Kim and D-S. Lee, Comparison of different
extraction methods for the analysis of
fragrances from Lavandula species by gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry. J.
Chromatogr., A982, 31–47 (2002).
I. Dadalioglu and G.A. Evrendilek, Chemical
compositions and antibacterial effects of
essential oils of Turkish oregano (Origanum
multiflorum), bay laurel (Laurus nobilis),
Spanish lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.)
and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) on common
foodborne pathogens. J. Agric. Food Chem.,
52, 8255–8260 (2004).
A. Angioni, A. Barra, V. Coroneo, S. Dessi and
P. Cabras, Chemical composition, seasonal
variability and antifungal activity of Lavandula
stoechas L. ssp. stoechas essential oils from
stem/leaves and flowers. J. Agric. Food Chem.,
54, 4364–4370 (2006).
T. Moon, H.M.A. Cavanaugh and J.M. Wilkinson,
Antifungal activity of Australian grown
Lavandula spp. Essential oils against Aspergillus
nidulans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes,
Leptosphaeria maculans and Slerotina
sclerotiorum. J. Essent. Oil Res., 19, 171–175
(2007).
F. Matos, M.G. Miguel, J. Duarte, F. Venancio, C.
Moiteiro, A.I.D. Correia, A. C. Figueiredo, J.G.
Barroso and L. G. Pedro, Antioxidant capacity
of the essential oils from Lavandula luisieri, L.
stoechas subsp. lusitanica, L. stoechas subsp.
lusitanica x L. luisieri and L. viridis grown in
Algarve (Portugal). J. Essent. Oil Res., 21,
327–336 (2009).
H. Kirmizibekmez, B. Demirci, E. Yesilada, K. H.C.
Baser and F. Demirci, Chemical composition
and antimicrobial activity of the essential
oils of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas
growing wild in Turkey. Nat. Prod. Commun.,
4, 1001–1006 (2009).
O. Tzakou, I. Bazos and A. Yannitsaros, Essential oil
composition and enantiomeric distribution of
fenchone and camphor of Lavandula cariensis
and L. stoechas subsp. stoechas grown in
Greece. Nat. Prod. Commun., 4, 1103–1106
(2009).
T- 3. Comparative percentage composition of the dried flower and leaf oils of
Lavandula stoechas subsp. stoechas of Greek origin
Compound Flower oil Leaf oil
a-pinene 1. 9 0.9
camphene 0.9 0.9
1,8-cineole 7. 6 17. 8
fenchone 39. 9 21.0
b-fenchyl alcohol 0.7 t
camphor 24. 2 26. 3
p-mentha- 1,5-dien-8-ol t 1. 2
terpinen-4-ol 0.5 0.5
p-cymen-8-ol t 0.8
a-terpineol 0.5 t
myrtenol 2. 8 0.4
verbenone t 0.4
a-fenchyl acetate 1. 1 0.5
carvone 0.5 t
bornyl acetate 1. 2 1.0
myrtenyl acetate 4. 9 0.8
a-copaene t 0.5
geranyl acetate 0.6 t
epi-cubebol 1. 1 0.7
cubebol t 0.5
d-cadinene 0.8 1. 1
a-copaen-8-ol 0.9 1. 7
caryophyllene oxide t 1. 1
viridiflorol 2.0 4. 3
1-epi-cubenol t 0.6
T-muurolol t 1. 1
eudesma- 4( 15),7-dien-1b-ol t 0.9
14-oxy-a-muurolene t 1. 1
t = trace (<0.1%)
M. Mahboubi and N. Kazempour, In vitro
antimicrobial activity of some essential oils
from Labiatae family. J. Essent. Oil Bear.
Plants, 12, 494–508 (2009).
B. Marongiu, A. Piras, S. Porcedda, D. Falconieri,
A. Maxia, M.A. Frau, P. Molicotti and S.
Zanetti, Composition and biological activity of
supercritical CO2 extract of some Lamiaceae
growing wild in Sardinia (Italy). J. Essent. Oil
Bear. Plants, 13, 625–632 (2010).
Moroccan Thyme Oil
Moroccan thyme oil is produced in limited quantities exclusively from Thymus
satureioides Cosson collected from their
natural habitat in Morocco.
Genuine samples of the plant material
were provided by the French organization
“Repression des Fraudes et Contrôle de
la Qualité” and were subjected to hydro-
distillation to yield oils of 1.0– 1.3% yield
by Miguel et al. (1976). Analysis of this
oil was conducted using column chro-
matographic separation, GC-FID and
preparative GC. All compounds were
characterized by IR spectroscopy of iso-
lated materials from preparative GC. The
constituents identified in this oil were:
tricyclene (0.2%)
a-pinene ( 3.3%)
camphone ( 5.4%)
b-pinene (0.4%)
myrcene (0.3%)
a-terpinene (0.3%)
limonene ( 3.4%)
camphor ( 2.7%)
bornyl acetate ( 1.7%)
methyl carvacrol ( 1.4%)
terpinen-4-ol ( 4.8%)
b-caryophyllene ( 6.4%)
a-terpineol ( 12.2%)
borneol ( 26.2%)
thymol ( 19.2%)
carvacrol ( 4.3%)
Richard et al. (1985) collected T. satureioides above-ground plants from Tamoa,
Asni, Ourika and Amizmiz (Morocco).
Analysis of oils produced from these
